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Essay Writing Service #1

Essay Writing Service #1 The groups order papers from numerous agencies and evaluate their high quality. Then, you'll publish an ad that has to look cool, because you want to attract the most effective essay paper writers by way of it. You’ll wait a minimum of two days, so you’ll have enough writers to interview. You’ll ask about the writers’ skills and ideas about your content material. You don’t need someone that's solely going to skim the work over and depart you pissed off with the result. Make certain that the essay is written with the best high quality of writing possible. Expert in analysis and analysis, James is considered one of our senior-most professional essay writers who has always impressed us along with his skills. Practice, routine, and habits make the biggest distinction for writers. Even an excellent essay can get you into bother if it has been offered to different students as properly. 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Malcolm X African American leader of Islam - Free Essay Example

An African American leader of Islam was born on May 19, 1925. Malcolm X, whose birth name is Malcolm Little, was born in Omaha, Nebraska. The father of Malcolm X was named James Earl Little. Though the family lived in Omaha, the Klu Klux Klan threatened the family and forced them into Lansing, Michigan. His father was murdered by the Black Legion. Malcolm was stripped from his family by welfare caseworkers. He moved to Boston and became involved many times in criminal activity, moving in and out of jail several times. Malcolm was arrested once again in 1946 because of a robbery. It became a routine to Malcolm to be in jail, but he never realized the incredible change in his life that was to come. To pass the time he spent in jail, Malcolm X spent countless hours in the prison library, completely memorizing a dictionary verbatim. He attended debate classes due to his interest in increasing his investigation skills. While he was incarcerated, Malcolm encounters the teachings of the leader of the Nation of Islam named Elijah Muhammad. The followers of Muhammad are called Black Muslims. The teachings had a huge impact on Malcolm X which caused him to self-educate and take on the last name X to serve as a symbol for his stolen African identity. X is a common name taken on by members of the nation, usually to get rid of their family name which they believed was started by their slaveholders in the past. HIs brother Reginald, who was jailed in Norfolk County Prison with Malcolm, also influenced him to be come part of the Nation. Reginald later became a member with Malcolm in Detroit. Malcolm and his brother became super strong in their faith, giving up things they both enjoyed such as smoking, gambling, and eating pork. He was very prideful in his defending of the African American race and his muslim beliefs. Malcolm X became an important religious leader to the Nation of Islam and was looked up to by many Muslims and African Americans. Once Malcolm was released from prison, he led the Nation of Islam during the period of its greatest growth. He started creating temples in the Big Apple. He started a newspaper called Muhammad speaks, which described the evils of whites and talked about the superiority of blacks. Malcolm was so influential to people the Nation gained 500,000 Islamic members. He started speaking in the streets of Harlem and large universities such as Oxford and Harvard. He preached against the main civil rights movement, turning Martin Luther King Jr. into his rival. Malcolm strongly felt that African Americans deserved more than just being able to sit in a restaurant or be able to vote. Malcolm said to his followers, defend yourself by any means necessary. These preachings led to the foundation of the Black Power and Black Consciousness movements in the late 1960s and 70s. Malcolm X is the reason blacks are referred to as black and Afro-American instead of negro and coloured. Elijah Muhammad started second guessing himself when he sees Malcolm is becoming too powerful. These two are straining further from the partner title and closer to the enemy description. He thinks he should suspend Malcolm from the Nation. There was a climax in the tension between Elijah Muhammad and Malcolm. They both thought the direction of the political movement should be moving different ways. Malcolm believes the Nation should lean more towards the civil rights protests instead of just being a critic on the sidelines. Malcolm reaches the conclusion that Muhammad is breaking the moral code of the religion, bearing children to 6 of his personal secretaries. The issue was then made public, which worsened peoples views on the Nation. To make things worse, Malcolm publicly calls President Kennedys assassination an example of chickens coming home to roost. This was the last straw for Malcolm. Muhammad commands Malcolm to be silent for 90 days. The 90 day silence became an eternity of no communication betw een Malcolm and Muhammad. The partnership is over. After leaving the nation in 1964, Malcolm founded Muslim Mosque Inc. He decides to leave the nation, making a Muslim trip to Mecca. Here, he was not judged by his race by the Orthodox Muslims. Not only did he create an Organization of Afro-American Unity while he was there, he also changed his name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. During this trip to Mecca, he is converted, once again, to another branch of the religion called Sunni Islam. Malcolm believes the solution to the United States problems is to convert anyone and everyone to orthodox Islam. This large change was to transition from civil rights to human rights. As Malcolms departure from the Nation grew broader, the death threats and hostility from the people grew even larger. Malcolm was beginning to become hated. The leader of the Nation of Islam lived a short life, being assassinated like his father on February 21, 1965. He was speaking publicly in the Audubon Ballroom in the city of Harlem, being murdered by three members fro m the Nation. In conclusion, Malcolm X, also called El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, was an incredibly large influence in the religion of Islam and to the race of the African-Americans. Many admired Malcolm and his teachings, and they lived their lives parallel to what he taught. The death of the leader impacted many people in a very negative way, leaving them without a role model or a father-figure to look up to. He was a very important part to the Islamic culture, as well as a celebrity to the United States. The teachings of Malcolm X still reside today, and are followed by many people all over the world.

How Sociologists Define Marriage

Sociologists define marriage as a socially supported union involving two or more individuals in what is regarded as a stable, enduring arrangement typically based at least in part on a sexual bond of some kind. Key Takeaways: Marriage Marriage is considered by sociologists to be a cultural universal; that is, it exists in some form in all societies.Marriage serves important social functions, and social norms often determine the role each spouse takes in a marriage.Because marriage is a social construct, cultural norms and expectations determine what a marriage is and who can marry. Overview Depending on the society, marriage may require religious and/or civil sanction, although some couples may come to be considered married simply by living together for a period of time (common law marriage). Though marriage ceremonies, rules, and roles may differ from one society to another, marriage is considered a cultural universal, which means that it is present as a social institution in all cultures. Marriage serves several functions. In most societies, it serves to socially identify children by defining kinship ties to a mother, father, and extended relatives. It also serves to regulate sexual behavior, to transfer, preserve, or consolidate property, prestige, and power, and most importantly, it is the basis for the institution of the family. Social Characteristics of Marriage In most societies, a marriage is considered a permanent social and legal contract and relationship between two people that is based on mutual rights and obligations among the spouses. A marriage is often based on a romantic relationship, though this is not always the case. But regardless, it typically signals a sexual relationship between two people. A marriage, however, does not simply exist between the married partners, but rather, is codified as a social institution in legal, economic, social, and spiritual/religious ways. Because a marriage is recognized by law and by religious institutions, and involves economic ties between the spouses,  a dissolution of marriage (annulment or divorce) must, in turn, involve a dissolution of the marriage relationship in all of these realms. Typically, the institution of marriage begins with a period of courtship that culminates in an invitation to marry. This is followed by the marriage ceremony, during which mutual rights and responsibilities may be specifically stated and agreed to. In many places, the state or a religious authority must sanction a marriage in order for it to be considered valid and legal. In many societies, including the Western world and the United States, marriage is widely considered the basis of and foundation for family. This is why a marriage is often greeted socially with immediate expectations that the couple will produce children, and why children that are born outside of marriage are sometimes branded with the stigma of illegitimacy. The Social Functions of Marriage Marriage has several social functions that are important within the societies and cultures where the marriage takes place. Most commonly, marriage dictates the roles that spouses play in each others lives, in the family, and in society at large. Typically these roles involve a division of labor between the spouses, such that each is responsible for different tasks that are necessary within the family. American sociologist Talcott Parsons wrote on this topic and outlined a theory of roles within a marriage and household, wherein wives/mothers play the expressive role of a caregiver who takes care of socialization and emotional needs of others in the family, while the husband/father is responsible for the task role of earning money to support the family. In keeping with this thinking, a marriage often serves the function of dictating the social status of the spouses and the couple, and of creating a hierarchy of power between the couple. Societies in which the husband/father holds the most power in the marriage are known as patriarchies. Conversely, matriarchal societies are those in which wives/mothers hold the most power. Marriage also serves the social function of determining family names and lines of familial descent. In the U.S. and much of the Western world, a common practice is patrilineal descent, meaning the family name follows that of the husband/father. However, many cultures, including some within Europe and many in Central and Latin America, follow matrilineal descent. Today, it is common for newly married couples to create a hyphenated family name that preserves the named lineage of both sides, and for children to bear the surnames of both parents. Different Types of Marriages In the Western world, monogamous marriage between two spouses is the most common form of marriage. Other forms of marriage that occur around the world include polygamy (a marriage of more than two spouses), polyandry (a marriage of a wife with more than one husband), and polygyny (the marriage of a husband with more than one wife). (In common usage, polygamy is often misused to refer to polygyny.) As such, the rules of marriage, the division of labor within a marriage, and what constitutes the roles of husbands, wives, and spouses generally are subject to change and are most often negotiated by the partners within the marriage, rather than firmly dictated by tradition. Expanding the Right to Marry Over time, the institution of marriage has expanded, and more individuals have won the right to marry. Same-sex marriage is increasingly common and in many places, including the United States, has been sanctioned by law and by many religious groups. In the U.S., the 2015 Supreme Court decision Obergefell v. Hodges struck down laws banning same-sex marriage. This change in practice, law, and cultural norms and expectations for what a marriage is and who can participate in it reflects the fact that marriage itself is a social construct. Updated by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Ideal Victim Essay - 2185 Words

For the purpose of this essay I will be considering Nils Christie’s (1986) concept of the ‘ideal victim’. In considering this concept, I will discuss what is meant by an ‘ideal victim’ and will also be focusing on the high profile Australian criminal case of Anita Cobby in Blacktown on 2nd of February 1986. Anita Cobby was only 26 years old when she was abducted, brutally raped and murdered by four ‘ideal offenders’. This essay will also consider, the ways in which the media and criminal justice system have constructed Anita Cobby as an ‘ideal victim’. Nils Christie explains that there are certain characteristics that make a victim an ‘ideal victim’. These characteristics are, young, old, weak, doing something respectable and legal,†¦show more content†¦This can help the wider community understand their own moral obligations and behaviour within society. As noted by ‘†¦.Smolej (2010), portrayals of crime and deviance in the media are often seen as essential parts of social control since the media has a central role in defining what is deviant and condemnable.’ Like the media, the criminal justice system and organisations in and around the criminal justice system play a major contribution in the construction of an ‘ideal victim’. As stated by ‘†¦.Rock (2006), Institutional practices shape the public representations and private understandings of victims of crime’. For instance, in Australia there are many organisations that help victims and their families of serious crimes. Although on the other hand, there are limited or no services available to victims of minor crimes. This was further explained to Rock (2006) by a member of the New South Wales Witness Assistance Service (WAS), ‘†¦due to resource reasons WAS has to prioritise the services it provides. Priorities are determined on the basis of type of crime and on the basis of victims and witnesses with particular needs such asShow MoreRelatedEssay on Ideal Victim1711 Words   |  7 PagesAn ‘ideal victim’ is someone who has played no part in their victimisation by an offender who was wholly responsible for the incident. The public can relate to the ‘ideal victims’ ordeal and although they have been through an awful sometimes incomprehensible experience society views the ‘ideal victim’ â€Å"as pure, blameless (hence passive) people against whom an evil act was omitted by a depraved individual† (Spalek, B. 2006 p25). Although most people can relate to an ‘ideal victim’ there is a ‘positivistRead MoreEssay about How the Me dia Uses an Ideal Victim in Portrayals of Crime1987 Words   |  8 Pagesof political, academic, and public debate. In particular, the media today is more focused on victims than it has ever been before. Through media representations of the ‘ideal victim’, this essay will subsequently show how the media are able to construct and re-affirm pre-existing traditional ideologies within the public realm. In effect, this assignment will critically assess the concept of an ‘ideal victim’ and show how the media have used this when describing crime. In reference to the media’sRead MoreThe United Nations Declaration Of Basic Principles Of Justice For Victims Of Crime And Abuse1521 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciples of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (REF 1) defines victim as â€Å"persons who individually or collectively, have suffered harm, including physical or mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial impairment of their fundamental rights, through acts or omissions that are in violation of criminal laws operative within Member States, including those laws proscribing criminal abuse of power†. Victimisation is the process and state of being a victim, and the study ofRead MoreImportance of Restorative Justice in the Entire Justice Process1049 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected victims. This happens in many ways that include jailing the offenders for life, compensation of the victims and now the restoration of the victim and the offender. In restorative justice, the offenders must accept the accountability of all what he did to the victim (power point notes). In addition to the accountability, the offenders are responsible for the same. Accountability and responsibility are the prerequisites to ensure that the dialogue between the offender and the victim is initiatedRead MoreMedical Experiments of the Holocaust Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagesnext to decide how to best resuscitate a frozen victim. The doctors would submerge a naked victim in an icy vat of water. They would insert and insulated thermometer into the victim’s rectum in order to monitor his or her body temperature. The icy vat proved to be the fastest way to drop the body’s temperature. Once the body reached 25 degrees Celsius, the victim would usually die. Anther manner to carry out such an experiment was to strap a naked victim to a stretcher and leave him outdoors duringRead MoreWhy Do You Pursue Something?847 Words   |  4 Pageshappened to be in the wrong place at the wrong time. â€Å"you’re crazy. you’re crazy†(rick,Nightcrawler). Another theme has to be Lou having no compassion for the actual victim. We first see this in the scene where, it was a really bad car crash where the driver actually had went unconcious. So since he did not really have a good angle of the victim in the vehicle, he pulled him out in the middle of the street. Just so he could make sure he appealed to the audience, which in his case, were the Newscast. ThisRead MoreTheological Issues On The Body Of A Person Is Broken Through The Lens Of The Adult Mind1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthe lens of the adult mind, the naturally ensuing questions of worth, identity and forgiveness will potentially challenge a system of belief in God. In attempting to bring this kaleidoscope of memories and life experiences into focus and for the victim to become a survivor, mentors, a community structure and a strong sense of conviction will aid in the development of resiliency. Within the spiritual model beliefs, values, social support, a sense of efficacy and hope are important; however, beliefsRead MoreMinimizing Domestic Violence Impacts The Seriousness Of The Issue1483 Words   |  6 Pagesthe seriousness of the issue. There are three themes that associates with this type of attitude: nonexistence, disbelieving, normalizing, and optimism. Many victims don’t have firsthand experience in abuse and many communities deny that something like domestic violence occurs within their communities. This will then lead to disbelieving the victim when making accusations. Disbelieving can also be caused by personal optimism. Then people began to normalize domestic violence in terms of defending conflictsRead MoreStop Blaming Victims for Sexual Assault1286 Words   |  6 Pagesdamned this earth, but never dared to question your code. Your victims took the blame and struggled on, with your noble curses as reward for their martyrdom-while you went on crying that your code was noble, but human nature was not good enough to practice it. And no one rose to ask the question Good?-by what standard?† Society’s view of sexual assault is shifting in a negative way in that members of society openly persecute victims of sexual assault, and certain types of popular visual media promoteRead MoreThe Case And The Johnson Case903 Words   |  4 Pageshis victims suffering, which is the most important factor for this type of offender. In the Parkinson and Johnson murders there were no signs of torture on the victims bodies and therefore I do not believe t hat this offender would be a thrill serial killer. However, I believe that this offender is a lust killer rather than a power-control killer because the power-control killers main motivation for his crimes is power and control over the victim, the power of deciding when and how the victim is

Depreciation Method Recommendations free essay sample

The calculation of the straight line method of depreciation is by taking the cost of the item minus its salvage value then dividing that figure by the expected year’s life cycle of the item. This is a non complex calculation and it reduces net income and the equal amounts of depreciation are deducted from every life cycle year of the item. The double declining balance method of depreciation is calculated at double or 200% for the straight line rate. Let’s say the straight line rate is 20%, then using the double declining balance method then the rate is 40%. The amount is multiplied by the book value of the item at the start if each period and also this method deduct higher costs in the product’s early life that decreases net income in the beginning. The units-of -output method of depreciation is calculated on the item production rather than time. The item cost minus the salvage value then is multiplied by total hour’s usage during the period and then you will take figure divide it by the total life cycle expectancy hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Depreciation Method Recommendations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Utilization of this method is more beneficial to organizations that costs are the results of production. One fact you must keep in mind is when there low production output then net income reduction is low and vice versa when there is high production outputs. The sum-of-the-year’s-digits method of depreciation calculation is configured by using the fraction formula. The fraction formula is computed by using the number of years of the item life cycle use as the numerator and the total years as the denominator. If the item life cycle is 5 years then the numerator in year one of depreciation will be 5 and 15(5+4+3+2+1) as the denominator the fraction would be 5/15. Which this is fraction is multiplied by the depreciable base of the item to conclude the year one depreciation figure. All the proceeding years will follow the same process from year two to five and until the item total life cycle is complete. This similar to the double declining method in the aspect that net income is reduced in the years of the life cycle instead of the latter. I recommend that the most beneficial depreciation method for Fan Company A’s equipment is the double declining balance method. This method gives produces a higher percentage of return of costs in the early years of the item and it still lowers net income but also in the later year help offset repair costs for the item. .

Short Stories by Selected Women Writers Essay Essay Example

Short Stories by Selected Women Writers Essay Paper An Undergraduate ThesisPresented to the Faculty of theCollege of Humanistic disciplines and SciencesUniversity of Southeastern PhilippinesBo. Obrero. Davao City In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirments for the DegreeOf Bachelor of Arts in Literature Cheah Kaye RosalesCharisma J. Tabingo We will write a custom essay sample on Short Stories by Selected Women Writers Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Short Stories by Selected Women Writers Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Short Stories by Selected Women Writers Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer October 2013 AbstractionROSALES. CHEAH KAYE and TABINGO. CHARISMA J. . University of Southeastern Philippines. Davao City. â€Å"Short Narratives by Selected Women Writers† Adviser: Prof. Dayenne SipacoThis survey was conducted to find the usual Form of the five short narratives. It is besides analyzed the events and character’s state of affairs in the narrative. The Formalistic Approach was used in the survey. The survey found that the Hagiographas of the five writers Kerima Polotan Tuvera. Aida Rivera Ford and Irish Shiela Crisostomo show their great cognition of the Philippine history. This survey was conducted through the usage of Formalistic Approach. The research workers gathered all five short narratives by selected adult females authors and read the narrative. analyzed and studied. The research workers use the formalized attack to analyse the signifier of the survey. We choose form for easy to do the construction of this survey. Furtheremore. this survey analyze the elements used in Kerima Polotan-Tuvera’s The Virgin and A House Full of Daughters. Aida Rivera-Ford’s Love in the Cornhusk and The chieftest Mourner and Iris Shi ela G. Crosostomo’s The Steel Brassiere. The chapter 1 included the job and its scene. It is besides include the statement of the job. the significance of the survey. range and restriction of the survey and definition of thr elements used. The chapter 2 discusses the reappraisal of related literature and surveies. the secret plan sum-up and the author’s lifes and the attack used in the survey. Theoretical and conceptual model was besides included. In the chapter 3. the research design. research instrument. research procedure and research venue are besides included in this chapter. Presentation. analysis and reading which employed formalized attack were in chapter 4. The drumhead. decision and recommendation were besides shown in chapter 5. The tabular arraies of the five short narratives are in the appendices including the elements used in this survey. APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfilment of the demands for the grade. Bachelor of Humanistic disciplines in literature. thesis entitled â€Å"Short Narratives by Selected Women Writers† prepared and submitted by Cheah Kaye Rosales and Charisma J. Tabingo. is herewith recommended for blessing and credence. Prof. Dayenne Sipaco Adviser Approved by the Committee on Oral Defense with a class of _______ . DR. MA. RITA C. TUBAN DR. PATRICIA O. ELBANBUENA Panelist Panelist Accepted as partial fulfilment of the demands for the grade. Bachelor of Humanistic disciplines in Literature. DR. MILAGROS D. ARQUILLANO DR. EVEYTH P. DELIGERO Director. Evening Program Dean. College of Arts and Sciences Recognition The research workers would wish to thank the undermentioned persons who helped a batch in doing this research and survey: Prof. Dayenne Sipaco. ourv advisor. thank you for assisting us to do and complete this survey. thank you for your apprehension. forbearance and unfavorable judgment. To our panel members. Dr. Ma. Rita C. Tuban and Dr. Patricia O. Elbanbuena. thank you for your forbearance. understanding and giving us a good thought in this survey. To our parents. thank you for the support in fiscal and moral support. Thank you for the encouragement and supplications. And most particularly to our all-powerful God. thank you for giving us a strenght. counsel. cognition and good wellness to complete this survey. C. K. R and C. J. T Table OF CONTENTS PageDeclaration of Originality †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . one Title Page †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ two Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ three Approval Sheet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . V Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . six Table of Contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . seven List of Tables †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . ten List of Figures †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . eleven Chapter1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Statement of the Problem †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . Significance of the Study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . Scope and Limitation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . Definition of Footings †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Related Literature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Plot Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Related Studies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Testimonies on The Virgin †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Testimonies on A House Full of Daughters †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Testimonies on Love in the Cornhusk †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Testimonies on The Chieftest Mourner †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Testimonies on The Steel Brassiere †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Formalistic Approach †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Conceptual Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. Method Research Design †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Research Instrument †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Research Locale †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Research Procedure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. PRESENTATION. ANALYSIS AND Interpretation OF DATA †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Form and Content †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Elementss †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Similarities and Differences of the Short Stories †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . Analysis Data †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . 5. SUMMARY. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . APPENDICES Appendix A TableThe Virgin †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . A House Full of Daughters †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . Love in the Cornhusk †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . The Chieftest Mourner †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . The Steel Brassiere †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . The Five Short Narratives The Virgin by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . A House Full of Daughters by Kerime Polotan-Tuvera†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Love in the Cornhusk by Aida Rivera-Ford†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . The Chieftest Mourner by Aida Rivera Ford†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The Steel Brassiere by Iris Shiela G. Crisostomo†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ BIBLIOGRAPHY CURRICULUM VITAE List OF FIGURESFigure1. 1 Conceptual Framework †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 2 Plot Structure †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Chapter 1THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGLiterature is the art of written work and can. in some fortunes. refer entirely to print beginnings. The word literature literally means â€Å"things made from letters† and the pars pro toto term â€Å"letters† is sometimes used to mean â€Å"literature. † as in the figures of address â€Å"arts and letters† and â€Å"man of letters† . A short narrative is a brief work literature. normally written in narrative prose. In so making. short narratives make usage of secret plan. resonance and other dynamic constituents to a far greater grade than is typical of an anecdote. yet to a far lesser grade than a novel. While the short narrative is mostly distinguishable from the novel. writers of both by and large draw from a common pool of literary techniques. In Philippines. the most noteworthy literature was written during the Spanish period and the first half of the twentieth century in Spanish linguistic communication. I t includes the fables of prehistoric culture. and the colonial bequest of the Philippines. The history of Filipino adult females authors is an history of how they became literary â€Å"mistresses of the ink† and â€Å"lady pen-pushers† who created plants of fiction or factual and historical storybooks. poesy. novels. short narratives. essays. lifes. autobiographies and other known composing genres. Writing in English. Spanish. Filipino and other linguistic communications. female authors from the archipelago utilised literature. in contrast with the unwritten tradition of the past. as the life voices of their personal experiences. ideas. consciousness. constructs of themselves. society. political relations. Philippines and universe history. The job that the research workers have noticed that some of us have hapless in composing accomplishments particularly the college pupils presents. The advocates believe that proper usage of elements. which are the chief ingredients in composing art of the pupils. There are many topics that focus on the proper manner of authorship. Some pupils do non develop their authorship accomplishments. These job consequence to a bigger issue which is the lesser Filipino authored books being published and read in the state today. The demand to turn to the issue is the ground for carry oning this research which aims to assist future Filipino authors how to utilize decently the elements in composing. With the usage of Formalistic Approach the research workers study the novels and how the writers used the elements in accomplishing the signifier of their narratives to leave these to the hereafter Filipino authors. The Virgin by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera is a narrative about Miss Mijares. the stereotyped uptight. conventional. old fashioned and rigorous old maid. For a long clip. she’s been populating in a everyday life. When she met the cat. she’s attracted to him because he doesn’t â€Å"fear† her. She loses herself when she’s with him. but non wholly. The symbolism of her acquiring lost literally is the manner she feels with the cat. She is sloging on to a entirely different and new experience. She finds herself caring for the adult male – a low-level – but she didn’t attention. When she found out that he has a boy. she felt betrayed – her feelings betrayed. This is what she is acquiring into – non all of the things are in her control. In the terminal. she let’s travel of all her suppressions. A House Full of Daughters besides by Kerima Polotan-Tuvera is a narrative about a female parent who has seven girls. and realize s that it’s non about something to give wealthiest to her kids. but what matters most how good maternity she gives in order to do them good girls. Love in the Cornhusk by Aida Rivera-Ford is another sort of love narrative. But the stoping is non like the other love narrative that they live merrily of all time after in the terminal. In this narrative. they’re love did non last till the terminal. The miss marries person alternatively of the cat that she loves. The narrative shows that â€Å"true love waits† . The Chieftest Mourner besides by Aida Rivera-Ford is a narrative of â€Å"another woman† . Even if the Legal married woman did suffer with her hubby while they are together. it’s non her. who helped the narrator’s Uncle when he was in his lowest minute of his life. And it was the other adult female who did a great forfeit for the uncle and she mourned greatly upon his decease. But it is non advisable that immature adult females or adult female should be â€Å"The other woman† because every bit far as society is concerned. it is a wickedness. The research workers decided to carry on this survey because The Virgin and House Full of Daughters by KerimaPolotan-Tuvera. Love in the Cornhusks and The Chieftest Mourner by Aida Rivera-Ford and The Steel Brassiere by Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo are all written by Philippine adult females authors. Since formalized attack. frequently referred to as the New Criticism. it assumes that a work of literary art is an organic integrity in which every component contributes to the entire significance of a work. The advocates of this survey chose five short narratives that would stand for the attending of the readers to look for different structural relationships and patterns non merely in words and their relationships but besides in larger units such as the short narratives of the different adult females authors in structuring the secret plan. the puting including its existent topographic point and clip and its atmosphere. point of position. subject and linguistic communication that may lend t o the singularity of each work. Statement of the ProblemThis survey was intended at look intoing. understanding and measuring the similarities and differences in the relationship of assorted formal elements of a text to do up a whole in the short narratives by the adult females authors through formalized attack. Furthermore. the survey seeks to reply the undermentioned inquiries: 1. What is the signifier of the selected short narratives? a. PutingB. Word picturec. Plot Structured. Point of positione. Theme2. What are the short narratives similarities and differences in footings of signifier? Significance of the StudyThe survey is intended to profit the followers: Students. The survey may help chiefly the literature big leagues as they expand their consciousness of the application of formalized attack that will farther heighten their positive response to the universe of literature. College of Arts and Sciences. This survey may heighten the instruction attack in literature. The survey may continue auxiliary acquisition in reading short narratives. This survey undergoes legion procedures to come up with a factual and dependable consequence. Therefore. acquisition in this instance can be more interesting and it will assist them to delve deeper their apprehension of the work. Literature Curriculum. The survey may assist to understand to the full how a work of an art is analyzed utilizing a specific attack. peculiarly formalism. These may assist better the current stragedy used in literary unfavorable judgment. Through this. there will be betterment in critical analysis and doing a short narrative. Bing good in literary unfavorable judgment will assist to hold better analysis in analyzing literary plants. Scope and Limitation of the Study The survey explored the different structural forms. every bit good as understanding the signifiers which the five short narratives are portrayed through an analysis of characters. secret plan. scene. point of position. manner and tone. This survey was limited to the short stories The Virgin and House Full of Daughters by KerimaPolotan-Tuvera. Love in the Cornhusk and The Chieftest Mourner by Aida Rivera-Ford and The Steel Brassiere by Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo. Definition of Footings The followers are operationally defined harmonizing to how they are used in this survey. Short Story. A short narrative is a brief work of literature. normally written in narrative prose. Chieftest Mourner. Who suffered most. the kept woman or 2nd married woman ; because the 2nd married woman wants to turn out to the poet’s household that she has a great right to the dead organic structure of the poet instead than the legal married woman. Point of View. Author’s determination about who is to state the narrative and how it is to be told. Plot. The agreement of events that make up a narrative. For a secret plan to be effectual. it must include a sequence of incidents that bear a important causal relationship to each other. Puting. The clip and topographic point of the action in a narrative. verse form. or drama. Theme. A story’s subject is its thought or point. Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIESThis chapter contains related literature and surveies. secret plan sum-up of the five short narratives. reappraisal of related surveies. formalized attack and the lifes of the three Filipino adult females authors. The reappraisal of related literature contains the information about the narrative. the individual behind their state of affairs and the reappraisals about them. These surveies discuss about the characters and their personalities. Formalistic Approach The 20th century formalized attack. frequently referred to as the new unfavorable judgment assumes that a work of literary art is an organic integrity in which every component contributes to the entire significance of the work. This attack is every bit old as literary unfavorable judgment itself. but it was developed in the 20th century by John Crowe Ransom ( 1884-1974 ) . Allen Tate ( 1899-1979 ) . T. S Elliot ( 1888-1965 ) and others. The formalist critic embraces an nonsubjective theory of art and examines secret plan. word picture. duologue and manner to demo how elements contribute to the subject or integrity of the literary work. Moral. historical. psychological and sociological concerns are considered extrinsic to unfavorable judgment and of secondary importance to the scrutiny of workmanship and signifier. Content and signifier in a work constitute a integrity. and it is the undertaking of the critic to analyze and measure the unity of the work. Paradox. sarcasm. dynamic tens eness and integrity are the primary values of formalist unfavorable judgment. The term formalism describes an accent on signifier over content or significance in the humanistic disciplines. literature. or doctrine. Formalism has the advantage of coercing authors to measure a work on its ain footings instead than to trust â€Å"accepted† impressions of the writer’s work. Formalism is intrinsic literary unfavorable judgment because it does non necessitate of any organic structure of cognition besides literature. Formalistic Approach first measure in explicating the literary work is to detect what the words really mean in their full denotative and connotative value. The object of formalized unfavorable judgment is to happen the key to the construction and significance of the literary work. Related Literature This portion includes the sum-up of the five short narratives to give the readers a brief image of the narrative. Author’s lifes of The Virgin. A House Full of Daughters. Love in the Cornhusk. The Chieftest Mourner and The Steel Brassiere are besides included so as to give the readers an information about their lives and inspirations. The Formalist Approach which is used by the advocates is besides discussed to allow the readers understand how the research is being conducted. Finally the reappraisals about the narratives are besides found in this chapter to give the readers a glance and thought on the feedbacks of the people who have read it. Plot Summary The Virgin is a narrative is about a adult female named Miss Mijares. she doesn’t expression like 34. She was little. about bony but she had learned how to dress herself to accomplish those forms of her hips and bosom. She had pushed against the bed in heartache and besides in gratitude and thought that neither love nor glorification stood behind her. merely the empty shadows. Alone the room with her unburied dead. she had held up her custodies to the visible radiation. observing the midst lasting fingers. believing in a mixture of shame and resentment and guilt that she had neer touched a adult male. She met a jobseeker adult male. using to her in their woodcraft subdivision. They had talked along with the interview. and the adult male told her that he wasn’t married. She was frequently down at the hovel that housed their bureau’s woodcraft. speaking with Ato. his chief. traveling over to him with the list of old custodies due to let go of. They hired their work forces on a rotary motion footing and three months was the longest 1 could remain. The new manus was absent for a hebdomad. Miss Mijares waited on that Tuesday he foremost failed to describe for some grounds. Until. Miss Mijares got angry when she knew that the adult male lied to him that he wasn’t married. It rained that afternoon in one of the city’s fierce. unexpected boom storms. Without warning. it seemed to reflect outside Miss Mijares’ window a grey. unhappy expression. And the adult male calls her and apologized to her approximately why he lied. Up and down the empty. rain –beaten street she looked. It was as though that all at one time everyone else had died and they were in the universe. entirely. In her secret bosom. Miss Mijares’ immature dreams fluttered faintly to life. looking monstrous in the rain. near this adult male. looking monstrous but sweet overwhelming. She wanted to travel off from him but he had moved and brushed against her and where his touch had fallen. her flesh leaped. and she recalled how his custodies had looked that first twenty-four hours. lain tenderly on the border of her desk and about the wooden bird. in the dark she turned to him. A House Full of Daughters is a narrative about a female parent who has seven girls. She thought. Oklahoman possibly she could hold seven doweries or seven beauty parlours. She has a house full of seven immature adult females. a regular avalanche of feminineness. For her. there is some guilt in one’s maternity. retrieving with what heartbreak each girl had come because one had wanted boies alternatively. Her friends told her how lucky and blessed she was. She frequently burst into cryings and they thought she cried from joy. But she’s non one of those female parents maintaining a mark of what precisely the babe has to give. like nice apparels. jewellery. merriment and good time s. She has a friend. that she can state a complete female parent. beautiful in her gestation. beautiful in her maternity. Her friend has a manner of have oning pregnancy dresses that looks her elegant. She neer ate Sweets. maintaining purely to juices and vegetables. in short. she is a right female parent. But all of a sudden. her friend ran out of nowhere with another adult male and left those beautifully-tended babes. There is no moral here. but she suspected she would hold stayed if she did allowed her herself. with salvaging wit. the luxury of some errors. Her girls are reassigning their devotion from film actresses and dad vocalists to their school teachers and real-life friends. but they are mildy hostile to those who strain their speech patterns. She has caught one girl. 15. stock-still on the cemented walk. arrested on her manner place late afternoon by sounds she no longer hear. When they met for supper that dark. she seemed different. she couldn’t say a thing. so close and sad and her bosom constricted because she knew that her girl had a long manner to travel. If all that she has given a girl is a mere rightness. non rightness. mere signifier. non substance. If she distill maternity of about 20 old ages. that merely about amounts up all she taught them. Merely because she doesn’t want them accomplished such a thing but desiring it to be an experience for them. It is a miracl e to her life that her girls learned love from her. who wasn’t ever able to give it. she who wanted merely the beginning to last their figure. They lived in a big musty house canopied by antediluvian trees and they fight daily over the bathroom. seven immature adult females and this she sow. but in cheery confusion. they keep their good relationship. Love in the Cornhusk. Is a narrative about Tinang. she visits her former maestro. Senora. whom she was working for before she got married. While transporting her babe male child. she walks through the entryway of the house of her former Senora and run into his former immature maestro. Tito. and the Senora. Upon acquiring inside the house. Senora asks her some inquiries how her married life is together with his Bagobo hubby and besides how is it to be a female parent of a babe male child. Their conversation continues and they reach to the point of speaking about the tractor drivers of Senora. particularly the 1 who was good. Amado. After that. Tinang eventually tells her former Senora about her purpose of being at that place. The baptism of her babe is about to come and she wants Senora to be a Madrina or a Ninang to her kid. The relationship between Tinang and her former Senora with her household remains good. And so. Senora hurriedly agreed to be so and yet wants to supply baptismal apparels for the babe and the fee for the Priest. Before she left from Senora’s house. she was told by her that there is a missive for her in the apothecarys shop. which besides serves as the station office of the barrio. By that minute. she thought that person might be dead or possibly that missive comes from her sister. So she hastily takes her manner place and base on ballss by that apothecarys shop to acquire the missive. As she continues walking in a boggy route to her manner place. she tries to look for a topographic point where she could put down her babe. trusting that she could read the missive before she arrives place. Finally. she finds a good topographic point where she can halt for a piece. There is a Kamansi tree and under of it are scattered cornhusks. So. she prepares a pile of it utilizing her pes and laid her babe upon it. Then. she starts reading the missive. After making so. she finds out that the missive is a love missive. her first love missive. which comes from Amado. her fellow. stating that he does non desire to interrupt up with her when he left from the field of Senora without stating the ground why he did so. Time can non be back any longer. It is already excessively late that she discovers that Amado still loves her. However. she was non informed that his mother’s worst unwellness made him gone for some clip. Alternatively. Tinang marry a Bagobo adult male. whom owns 2 hectares of land. After all. what she does is merely to retrieve her yesteryear with Amado until the clip comes when she has to go forth upon detecting that a serpent is mousing towards her babe male child. In the terminal. she leaves the topographic point without detecting that her first love missive fell down among the cornhusks. The Chieftest Mourner. Is a narrative about narrator’s uncle. hubby of her Aunt Sophia is said to be dead. He was the last of a distinguishable school of Philippine poets and a fine-looking adult male. But. he was populating with another adult female. she brazenly followed his Uncle everyplace naming herself his married woman. a confusing state of affairs ensued. When people mentioned Uncle’s married woman. there was no manner of cognizing whether her Aunt Sophia or to the adult fema le. The storyteller was perplexing over who was to be the official widow at his funeral when word came that it was her. the storyteller to maintain Aunt Sophia’s company at the small chapel and there were merely a few people present. There were two adult females. each taking ownership of her part of the chapel merely as though bets had been laid. apparently forgetful of each other. yet uncovering by this studied neglect that each was really much aware of the other. Her Uncle’s kin surely made a short work of her Aunt and when she returned. her Aunt is sobbing. Equally though as to soothe her. one of the adult females said. in a susurration from the door. that the president himself was expected to come in the afternoon. Meanwhile. the adult female spoke in susurrations. and so the voices raised a trifle. Still. everybody is polite. There was no more speaking back and Forth and the all of a sudden the conversation wasn’t polite any longer. The adult female strikes. and angry talked to the kin. After her work stoppage to the kin. Aunt Sophia wants to halt her by delighting her kin. After all. the full woman’s face became ashen with daze and fury. She stood wordless. her face began to jerk and so the shortness of breath came and she tell them they can hold the dead organic structure and she left the entombment after. The Steel Brassiere is a about a married woman and her Tiya Anding’s steel bandeau. Her Tiya Anding was a friend who had no life relations. When she died. her house and the 300-square-meter batch reverted to the authorities. With the at hand destruction. she had hurriedly driven to that low residence trusting to salvage a few memories of a past life. One of the queerest things she recovered from the heap of old apparels was an old bandeau. It wasn’t tantrum for any immature lady’s chests because it was made non of soft cotton or lacing but of cold and difficult metal. The bandeau looked like pointed armour ready to debar an ax or a spear from the enemy–a certain protection for the delicate female flesh underneath. She remembered Madonna in her lean get-ups. net stockings and all. her breasts in similar. pointed cones. After while. the cold of the metal against her tegument produced a unusual feeling. The bandeau decently belonged to an ancient warrior princess yet she felt she was excessively weak to contend her ain bottles. She had married to L indoln for eight old ages but it felt like she had been populating with a alien. Lindoln was a good supplier. the gross revenues director of a pharmaceutical company that paid good. He gave her married woman a large house with a exuberant garden. a duteous amah and an first-class cook. There was nil more to inquire but she felt she truly had nil. She took her kids to the park. Later in the afternoon. they wandered through the resort area and exhausted clip forcing one another in a swing. Twin metal ironss fastened the swing to a horizontal steel saloon and one time once more the fell of the cold steel between her fingers made her think of her Tiya Anding’s chest armour. The rain was now falling harder and she was dripping moisture. Troting to the auto with the kids and they run to the parking batch. As expected. the kids came down with a cold and Lindoln kept her married woman up all dark with his how to be a good female parent talks. He barked so crawl into bed with his dorsum turned to her. She lay awake for what seemed like an hr before she heard a swoon snored. Then she went to the balcony for some air. She wanted to shout. She wanted to shout. She wanted to laugh if it would assist. She remembered her Tiya Anding. After tiffin. she helped the amah get the wash from the clothesline. After a few proceedingss under the hot noon Sun. she went back indoors to the kitchen for a cold glass of H2O. The feel of the cold hurler in her manus made her think of the cold metal she one time wore against her chest. The feel of the steel brassiere was as comforting and reassuring as the ice H2O running down to her pharynx. The phone was pealing and it was Lindoln. Her hubby told her that he’s friend Jimmy will be coming for dinner but the line was bad and she told her hubby to name her once more. But all of a sudden. when the phone rang once more and once more. she doesn’t put the phone up any longer. For her. the steel bandeau reminds her as her Tiya Anding’s words of soothing and reassuring. Review of Related Studies In this portion. the advocates include the critical analysis made on the five short narratives. This is to do the readers understand the narrative deeply. In add-on. the research workers aim to explicate to the audience how and in what manner the narratives are being presented by its several writers. This includes the surveies related to the characters and events in the narratives. Testimonies on The Virgin. In the book of The Virgin. Kerima Polotan-Tuvera showed her composing accomplishments to the readers about adult females personalities and state of affairs. The narrative was created passionately and beautiful for adult females who have battles about love. Based on the short narrative. the assorted personalities that the chief character named Miss Mijares showcased were her stiff and distant behaviour wherein her high quality to herself makes her unfriendly and detached to other people. Besides her attitude when it comes to covering with people wherein she frequently humiliates t hem by inquiring them inquiries with respects to their standing in the society. Furthermore. her life was effusively based on caring for her ailing female parent and seting to school her niece therefore. her realisation to herself when it comes to her ain personal life such as love and matrimony was eluded. Miss Mijares is a thirty-four-year-old adult female who works at a occupation arrangement bureau wherein her position in life has put her into a state of affairs of assisting first her household before herself. The major jobs that Miss Mijares encountered in the narrative was the decease of her female parent wherein she mourned on that really twenty-four hours necessitating her mother’s flesh and fighting to maintain herself strong which besides changed her ideals in life which made her high quality as a adult females more resilient. Another job that she encountered was facing her emotions particularly with her feelings to the new adult male at the woodworking store wherein during the interview and application for the occupation. Miss Mijares shows a b ossy or chesty sort of personality towards the cat. furthermore she was inadvertently drawn to the adult male particularly during the clip that both of them were stranded on an unknown street because of heavy rain and Miss Mijares driven by her feeling and emotions to the cat allowed herself to the invitation of the adult male. Testimonies on A House Full of Daughters. Another short narrative of Kerima Polotan-Tuvera that she created the narrative as inspiration for the adult females and particularly to those who work so hard to raise their kids. The narrative was originative and beautiful that Kerima was utilizing a female character or the storyteller of the narrative to demo how maternity is of import. Harmonizing to the narrative. â€Å"the fatal mistake of most adult females is to allow maternity surround them to be so sold on its high mission and incalculable intent. as to believe that there is nil more subsequently. Daughters outgrow their daughterhood and when that happens. what have you got but old dentition rings and some obscure memories? † Surely. the storyteller of the narrative showed her side to the readers that a maternity means new dimensions. a new degree of hurting. another deepness of grief. a truer tallness of joy. but justly or wrongly. she fight against holding her girls loom so big in her life that the other people drown her. She struggled for air and as a effect broke many of the regulations. We can state that the storyteller of the narrative is Kerima Tuvera. as she portrays the narrative. there might be connected to her or possibly she encountered other adult female like the storyteller or possibly she have experience with it. Kerima was utilizing her originative accomplishments that she compose this narrative to show her side to the readers that being wish her as a female parent has a large intent and of import. Aside in the narrative. the storyteller has a friend. a complete female parent. a beautiful maternity. which ran off with her adult male and leaves her good hubby and her beautiful babes. Kerima wants to cognize the readers that why this complete female parent runs off with her adult male? It’s because she’s afraid of her duties from her hubby and her kids? In short. this complete female parent wants to go forth her duties. The narrative was simple yet it has a moral lesson for those adult females who afraid of their duties and for those who leave their duties. â€Å"There is a universe beyond the one circumscribed by acrid covers and moist gum elastic sheets. and the immature female parent must mouse off to reassure herself of its herself of her being so that she might return. strong plenty for her other. more immediate existence. † Testimonies on Love in the Cornhusk. Aida Rivera-Ford has lived with her hubby in their big farm in Davao. In connexion to this. the short narrative of Love in the Cornhusks is someway related with her life like its barrio scene and the features of the Characters every bit good. Possibly. the chief character is a adult female based on the fact that the author of this short narrative is a adult female excessively. The narrative is really simple. easy to understand and yet realistic. It begins in a state of affairs where the chief character. Tinang. starts her twenty-f our hours as she visits her Senora with a good vibration that shifted to a different one recently. With a small similarity with the Telenovelas shown in telecasting. this narrative shows that a lowly 1. a nanny and a barrio miss. can be its chief character. whom is sing turns in her life. However. she did non see some sorts of maltreatments nor holding an enemy in her life because the narrative is emphasizing non on these affairs but on how determinations a individual does could impact his or her full life. The writer made the life of Tinang centered between two work forces. The Bagobo. her hubby and Amado do non talk in the narrative but they are characterized otherwise with each other. It appears that her hubby. the Bagobo. is a simple adult male. whom is satisfied of being a husbandman with the two hectares of land for his household. On one manus. Amado. the one she loved before her hubby. is portrayed as a tractor driver. whom wears formal apparels every Saturday and a yet adult male who gives importance to his hereafter as he wants to analyze mechanical technology someday. Marrying is non a gag and to get married the bagobo is non merely a happenstance in Tinan’s life but it is her determination when she did so. even if she did non cognize yet the ground why Amado had all of a sudden gone. The last portion of the narrative has some symbolic figures. Tinang still loves Amado even after she got married to her hubby. Reading the missive is a minute when Tinang’s feeling for Amado has reawakened. To call is the first thing she does. so. she tries to remember her first experiences with him. A serpent comes in the scene sneaking towards her babe. That serpent is the represent of such find and poses menace towards her relationship with her household. Why the serpent is traveling to her babe? It is because that serpent. if Tinang lets herself be taken by her emotion. can destruct her relationship with her Bagobo hubby. Indeed. the serpent is about to assail her boy for he is the symbol and the fruit of the love that she and her hubby shared together. In the terminal of the narrative. the author’s symbolisms are stating that Tinang chooses to accept the effects in the determination she made in her life. First. she stands up from her sitting place stating that life must travel on ; so she embraced the babe stating that she has to encompass her ain effects and state of affairss and particularly the people whom God has given to her ; following. she prayed and beg the Godhead non to penalize her after believing other things outside from her married life stating that she realizes that her ideas are incorrect ; afterwards. she checks the tegument of the babe seeking for some Markss demoing the possible cicatrixs in her married life after transmigrating the feelings she one time had with Amado ; and the last 1. the missive fell unnoticed among the cornhusk stating that she leaves that impulse without cognizing that her really strong feeling and yearning to Amado. if is non wholly gone yet. is at least alleviated and is left among the cornhusks. which is meant to be see as merely a portion of her life. Testimonies on The Chieftest Mourner. Testimonies on The Steel Brassiere.Theoretical Framework of the StudyThe Formalistic Approach stresses the close reading of the text and insists that all statements about the work be supported by mentions to the text. Formalistic Approach is used in this survey to delve deeper in the elements. In the Formalistic Approach the informations are presented. analyzed and interpreted. Formalism refers to critical attacks that analyze. interpret or measure built-in characteristics of a text. FORMALISTIC APPROACH PutingFictional charactersPoint of ViewPlot StructureExpositionComplicationConflictClimaxResolutionSubjectFigure 1CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK The Virgin and House Full of Daughtersby: Kerima Polotan-Tuvera Love in the Conhusks and The Chieftest Mournerby: Aida Rivera-Ford The Steel Brassiereby: Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo In this survey. wherein the advocates used formalized attack. all elements mentioned must be taken to wholly accomplish the ideal signifier of a work of art. Provided by the information given in this chapter. this survey produced an analysis utilizing an attack applied to the five short narratives and ignored the factors outside the text. This survey used the formalized attack that focused merely in the internal elements that the five short narratives contained. BiographiesKerimaPolotan-Tuvera ( December 16. 1925- August 19. 2011 ) was a Filipino writer. She was a celebrated and extremely well-thought-of fictionist. litterateur and journalists. with her plants holding received among the highest literary differentiations of the Philippines. Aida Rivera-Ford was born in Sulu. She crossed over to Negros Oriental in 1949 for an English grade at Siliman University. Records toast her as the first editor of Sands and Coral. the school’s literary pagination. In 1954. she flew to the University of Michigan on a Fulbright grant to procure her master’s grade in English. Her work â€Å"Love in the Cornhusks† is one of five well-crafted narratives for which Rivera-Ford won the Jules A ; Avery Hopwood Prize in Michigan. In 1955. the Sunday Chronicle’s This Week magazine featured the award winning narrative. with illustration by RodDayao. From N. V. M Gonzales to Epifanio San Juan. critics were one in acclaiming the narrative w ith uncommon congratulations. mentioning its consummate nuance but besides its earnest vision- a rare instance of art predominating upon all credos and manners of persuasion. Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo has a grade in communicating humanistic disciplines from University of the Philippines at Los Banos. She is acquiring her MFA at Dela Salle University while working at the National Commission for Culture and Humanistic disciplines. Chapter 3MethodThis chapter presents the method used in carry oning the narrative. Research Design The proponent’s uses descriptive method and they are now to show the information in a descriptive mode. It enabled the advocates to depict or show the image of events under the probe and analysis. The descriptive method of research was used for this survey. The research workers focused in showing the signifier used in the five short narratives. The primary end for formalized attack is to find how such elements work together with the text’s content to determine its effects upon readers. In this survey. its purpose is to analyze the elements such as puting. character. point of position. secret plan construction and subject. Research Instrument This portion shows how the research workers organize the information gathered. The elements of the five short narratives are placed in the tabular array. Puting. characters. point of position. secret plan construction such as expounding. complication. struggle. flood tide and resolution/denouement and subject. Short STORIESSettingFictional charactersPOIN OF VIEWPlot STRUCTURE( Exposition. Complication. Conflict. Climax and declaration or denouement SubjectThe Virgin A House Full of Daughters Love in the Cornhusk The Chieftest Mourner The Steel Brassiere RESEARCH LOCALEThis survey was conducted within the USEP Campus. specifically at the CAS Learning Center and Library. Other auxiliary information was gathered through the usage of cyberspace. RESEARCH PROCESS Initial background enquiry of the readying and needed stuffs were done such as reading the primary beginnings ( the short stories The Virgin and House Full of Daughters by K. P. Tuvera. Love in the Cornhusks and The Chieftest Mourner by A. R. Ford and The Steel Brassiere by I. S. Crisostomo ) . The beginnings that came from the books ( Handbook of Critical Approaches. etc. ) and through Internet research are used as secondary beginnings. RESEARCH PROCEDURE The advocates for this survey get down the research by choosing the five short narratives by different female writers that involvement them the most and are they had to be worthy of the probe. When the primary beginnings ( the short narratives ) are at manus. the advocates started to read. analyze and construe the plants to analyze what attack was suited to be applied. The advocates picked out an issue that needed geographic expeditions and farther survey from the short narratives and they were able to place the similarities and differences in the narratives through the elements of the secret plan. puting. characters. subject and point of position. To derive more thoughts and information that would back up the survey. the advocates will besides accessed the secondary beginnings from the cyberspace and they made usage of thesis as mentions found in the University Library and CAS Learning Research Center. When the information and information had been gathered. the advocates organized them in meaningful pieces of information. Here. the ability of the advocates in fiting the information was related to how the research was tested. After the paper was organized. the advocates ended by showing the decision with all the groundss and cogent evidence that would back up the research mentioned. Chapter 4PRESENTATION. ANALYSIS. AND INTERPRETATION OF DATAThis subdivision contains the collected information of the research workers in the topic of the survey. It besides includes the analysis and reading of informations. Form and Content of the Short Narratives Table 1. It is the content of the short stories The Virgin and House Full of Daughters by KerimaPolotan-Tuvera. Love in the Cornhusks and The Chieftest Mourner by Aida Rivera-Ford and The Steel Brassiere by Iris Sheila G. Crisostomo. The content includes the scene that determines the clip and topographic point of the short narratives. characters. secret plan with its parts: expounding. complication. struggle. flood tide. declaration and denouement. The other component is the point of position which identifies how the short narratives are told. Last. the subject. which is the cardinal thought of the narrative that will function as a message to the readers. The VirginThe narrative of The Virgin is set in the office of Miss Mijares. She is the chief character in the narrative. a individual. non look 34 and non precisely an ugly adult female. she was no beauty and she did believe of love. â€Å"She had gone through all these with remarkable forbearance. for it had so her that love stood behineemed vitamin D her. staying her clip. a quiet manus upon her shoulder†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The narrative was told in a 3rd individual limited where in the storyteller merely tells the narrative and focuses to the supporter. The expounding includes the background information about the chief character. about her life. the people outside her and their attitude toward her. The narrative starts in a supporter. Miss Mijares where she interviews her appliers in her office. She went to the cafeteria and went back to her office after. When she talked with the idle across her desk. inquiring them the cursing inquiries that completed their humiliation. watching pale linguas run over dry lips. soil crusted handkerchiefs waver in trembling custodies. she was filled with an restlessness she could non understand. â€Å"Sign here. she had said 1000s of times. forcing the familiar signifier across. her finger held to a line. experiencing the restlessness grow at sight of the adult male or adult female following a hesitating Ten or puting the impress of a thumb† The complication is when Miss Mijares interview the adult male. one of her appliers besides. When she returned to the black replacing office. the adult male stood by window. his dorsum to her. half-bending over something he held in his custodies. â€Å"In his custodies. he held her paperweight. an ol d gift from long ago. He had turned it and with the knife tightened the prison guards and dusted it. In this man’s hands. cupped like that. it look all of a sudden like a dove† Miss Mijares is denying herself about her feelings to the adult male and this adult male wills neer her love. But when the adult male was absent for a hebdomad. Miss Mijares waited on that Tuesday he foremost failed to describe for some word from him. in the absence of a definite notice. person else who needed a occupation severely was kept off from it. â€Å"I went to the state. ma’am. he said. on his return. You could hold sent person to state us. she said. It was an exigency. ma’am. my boy died. he said How so? She asked. A slow bitter choler began to from inside her. But you said you were non married! she said. No ma’am. he said gesturing. And she asked him aloud. are you married? And the adult male said. No ma’am. She asked once more. but you have†¦you have a boy! And the adult ma le replied. I am non married to his female parent. he said grinning doltishly. A flower had climbed to his face. perfusing it. and two big throbbing venas crawled along his temples. Miss Mijares looked off. vomit all at one time. â€Å"You should hold told us everything. she said and she put forth custodies to keep her choler but it slipped off she stood agitating despite herself. Your lives are our concern here. she shouted. † The narrative ends in that twenty-four hours. it rained that afternoon in one of the city’s fierce. unexpected boom storms. Without warning. it seemed to reflect outside Miss MIjares window a grey. unhappy expression. It was past six when Miss Mijares. ventured outside the office. Night had come fleetly and from the dark sky the midst. black. rainy drape continues to fall.