Board of directors Essay Example for Free

Board of directors Essay Introduction This case study analysis describes Sam Adams dilemma, whether or not to give a favorable recommendation to the board of directors for his friend and former colleague Bud Wizer. Sam was told by corporate that Bud listed him as a personal and professional reference on his job application. This triggered emotional turmoil in Sam because his friend was allegedly fired for sexual harassment from his last position. Sam’s values and moral standards will be tested during this analysis. Will Sam be loyal to his friend and say yes, or will he be loyal to his  company and tell what he thinks he knows? I will use Professor Badaracco framework, questions and test to analyze Sam’s dilemma and provide recommendations for what he may say to the board of directors. I will start by using question number one from Badaracco’s framework, which way of proceeding will get me the best net-net consequences? In this first step we are asked to explore the pros and cons of Sam’s ethical dilemma to determine who will win, who will lose and at what cost. As I create my list I see that the risks are significant. If Sam decides to tell corporate about  the alleged Sexual Harassment information about Bud and the information is not true or proven, corporate may view Sam in a negative light. If he does not tell corporate and they find out later that he knew his reputation could be tarnished and the level of trust that corporate has for him now will decrease. If Bud is not given an opportunity to work it will have an effect on him and his family. The benefits could also be significant, if Bud is hired, the corporation could gain an outstanding employee, and Sam would have helped his friend get a job and even perhaps a bonus. It appears that the greatest benefits and least harm would be if Sam did not say anything. Sam does not know for sure if the act was committed and Bud said the victim came to apologize and she did not feel harassed. The next question is about rights of individuals and groups that we cannot violate. In a democratic society, the legal requirements reflect the basic values of citizens so there is an overlap between law and morality (Hosmer, 2011, p. 62). Everyone has the right to the truth and everyone also has the right to privacy. The board of directors has a right to know the truth in regards to the employees and Bud has a right to his privacy. If Sam mentions the alleged sexual harassment to the board of directors he may be in violation of Bud’s individual rights. The third question of what message do I want to send about what I stand for about ideals and principles going forward? While in this position, Sam is being observed to see how he handles any situation but especially one that involves ethics and morals. When the board of directors or Bud is speaking of Sam he want to send the message that he wants to send is that he has integrity. He is trying to do the right thing and would want others to know that. What will work in the world as it is? Sam could take a chance to be bold and not tell the board of directors about Bud’s alleged sexual harassment incident. He could take the risk and Bud could end up being the best employee on the staff. Badaracco gave three tests to help choose an effective solution. The first is the newspaper test. As Sam makes his way to the board room he has to decide whether or not to tell about the alleged incident and be ok with the decision that was made knowing that he has now gone public. He needs to make sure that this is the best possible choice. Sam needs to make sure that what he saying has merit. The sexual harassment charge has not been proven. Sam should consider how he would feel if someone had information on him that was hearsay and reported it someone of significance. Sam should ask himself at this point if it would be fair to mention this to the board of directors without having all of the facts. The last test is the obituary test, the right way of dealing with the issue. The dilemma, what should Sam do. There is not time to call Bud and have him speak with the board of  directors directly. He will need to buy more time because morally he can’t give a recommendation without knowing all of the facts and he can’t let his friend down without knowing all of the facts. He should give Sam a stellar recommendation based on his professional performance only. Sam does not have any facts of what happened and should not bring it up to the board however; he should speak with his friend about the harassment case to clear the air. Reference Badaracco, J. L. , Jr. (2002). Defining moments: A framework for moral decisions. Harvard Business School Faculty Seminar Series. Retrieved from http://cb. hbsp. harvard. edu Hatcher, D. , Sommers N. (2011). A writer’s reference (7th ed. ). Boston: Bedford/St, Martins Hosmer, L. T. (2011). The Ethics of Management: A Multidisciplinary Approach (7th ed. ). New York, N. Y. McGraw Hill/Irwin. Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4. Pauli, R. A. (2011). A question of loyalty: A case study. Retrieved from University of Maryland University College, College Park, Graduate School of Management and Technology website: http://tychong. umuc. edu/tycho/AMBA/610/1109/9042/conference/launchconferencing.

Cloning is Unethical :: essays research papers

In recent years our world has undergone many changes and advancements, cloning is a primary example of this new modernism. On July 5th, 1995, Dolly, the first cloned animal, was created. She was cloned from a six-year-old sheep, making her cells genetically six years old at her creation. However, scientists were amazed to see Dolly live for another six years, until she died early 2005 from a common lung disease found in sheep. This discovery sparked a curiosity for cloning all over the world, however, mankind must answer a question, should cloning be allowed? To answer this question some issues need to be explored. Is cloning morally correct, is it a reliable way to produce life, and should human experimentation be allowed? Scientists have no problem with the ethical issues cloning poses, as they claim the technological benefits of cloning clearly outweigh the possible social consequences, not to mention, help people with deadly diseases to find a cure. Jennifer Chan, a junior at the New York City Lab School, said, "?cloning body organs will help save many patients' lives," she said. "I think that cloning is an amazing medical breakthrough, and the process could stop at cloning organs--if we're accountable, it doesn't have to go any further." This argument seems to be an ethical presentation of the purpose of cloning. However, most, if not all scientists agree that human cloning won?t stop there. While cloning organs may seem ethical, cloning a human is dangerous. Still, scientists argue that the intentions of cloning are ethical. On the other hand, there are many who disagree with those claims. According to those from a religious standpoint, it is playing God, therefore, should be avoided. From a scien tific standpoint it is also very dangerous, as scientists are playing with human cells which, if done wrong, can lead to genetic mutations that can either become fatal to the clone, or cause it severe disabilities. This information does, in fact, question the moral of the issue. If cloning is unsafe and harmful, what is the point? Another argument pertains to the reliability of cloning. Cloning experts have claimed it is, in fact, an effective procedure. Scientists have admitted it is risky, but also have argued that with time, and more experimentation, cloning will become extremely reliable and effective. However, facts are not as supportive towards this claim as scientists may want. Currently only 3 out of 71 cloning eggs have lived, and only 1 out of 278 fully developed clones have survived from those eggs.

Use Psychological Theories to Explain Aggressive Behaviour

Use Psychological theories to explain aggressive behaviour. Describe three method’s a coach might use to eliminate aggressive tendencies of performers and to encourage an active and healthy lifestyle. (6 Marks) Aggression is the attempt to harm outside the rules of the game. There are many different theories of how aggression is formed. Instinct theory was proposed by Freud and is the trait view of behavior and shows the drawbacks of this perspective, that behaviour is at all time predictable.It proposes that aggression is genetically inherited and that a violent trait lies within everyone. Freud called this innate characteristic the ‘death instinct’, which purpose is to seek aggressive destruction. Lorenze put foreward the idea that aggressive energy is constantly building and needs to be released. Bandura presented the social learning theory, which has the view that all behaviour is learnt. Aggression is not a genetically based innate characteristic but it nurtu red by the external environmental factors.So aggression can therefore be learned by watching and copying from role models and becomes an acceptable way to behave if it is reinforced. Aggression is likely to occur if it is part of the social and cultural norm of a group. The Frustration aggression hypothesis was proposed by Dollard, he proposed that frustration develops when goal-directed behaviour or need to achieve is blocked. The tendency towards frustration is increased when the pursued goal reflects ego or outcome orientation. Frustration occurs from environmental situations such as defeat, good opposition and poor officiating.This is a integrationist theory because frustration generated by the environment triggers the aggressive gene. If the aggressive act is successful, frustration is released and the aggressor feels good. This is known as a cathartic release. But if the aggression fails and results in punishment, further frustration is generated. The aggression cue hypothesis theory presents a second integrationist perspective and builds upon Dollard’s work. Berkowitz believed that frustration lead to an increase in arousal.However, he disagrees that frustration alone will always trigger aggression. He proposed that frustration creates a readiness for aggression, which is triggered when a provocative environmental cue is present. Aggressive cues such as perceived unfairness for example; biased officiators will trigger aggression in sport if arousal among participants is high. However, better players have the capacity to control frustration and arousal. A coach could introduce some cognitive strategies to lower psychological arousal such as counting to ten to regain composure.They could introduce somatic methods to eliminate aggression such as relaxation techniques and breathing techniques to calm down. The aggressive person could also be given a role of responsibility or shown that dysfunctional behaviour will be punished, for example in a match aggressive behaviour will not be tolerated and the player will be substituted. But also non-aggressive behaviour should be positively reinforced. Emphasis on non-aggressive role models will help to eliminate aggressive behaviour. The control of aggression positively promoted an active and healthy lifestyle.

Essay on Net Present Value and Moderate Keywords

Chapter 6 | Capacity Planning | | TRUE/FALSE 1. Capacity is the maximum rate of output of a process. Answer: True Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: capacity, maximum output rate 2. Capacity decisions should be made separate from strategic decisions. Answer: False Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: capacity decision, strategic decisions 3. Capacity can be expressed by output or input measures. Answer: True Reference: Planning Long-Term Capacity Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: capacity, input measures, output measures 4. Input measures of capacity are inherently more accurate than output measures of†¦show more content†¦A firm may preempt the expansion of competitive firms by using an expansionist capacity strategy and announcing a large capacity expansion. Answer: True Reference: Capacity Timing and Sizing Strategies Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: expansionist strategy, capacity expansion 17. An expansionist capacity strategy minimizes the risks of overexpansion due to overly optimistic demand forecasts. Answer: False Reference: Capacity Timing and Sizing Strategies Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: wait-and-see strategy, overexpansion, demand forecasts 18. A process’s capacity requirement states the future process capacity needed to meet projected customer demands, and includes an allowance for the desired capacity cushion. Answer: True Reference: A Systematic Approach to Long-Term Capacity Decisions Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: capacity requirement, customer demand, capacity cushion 19. A planning horizon is defined as the period beyond which the company does not have customer orders. Answer: False Reference: A Systematic Approach to Long-term Capacity Decisions Difficulty: Moderate Keywords: time horizon 20. Output measures are used for estimating capacity requirements when product variety and process divergence are high. Answer: False Reference: A Systematic Approach to Long-Term Capacity Decisions Difficulty:Show MoreRelatedProblem Faced by Blue Nile Company1095 Words   |  5 Pagesinto the 21st century so how to attract new consumers. ⠝â€" How should Blue Nile Inc increase consumer awareness and confidence purchasing high value luxury jewelry online? ⠝â€" Blue Nile has very little presence outside of the United States and only offers a limited number of products in United Kingdom and Canada. ⠝â€" The cost to buy keywords on Internet search engines rose significantly in 2005, which result in cutting back on advertising expenditure, which lack in attracting customersRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company1848 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferences. The fourth section will discuss debt load as an area of concern for potential investors in The Walt Disney Company. The section will also present the author’s reasoning for supporting investments in The Walt Disney Company. 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MC = costs of developing new buildings âÅ"“ The level of rent that is just sufficient to stimulate profitable new development in the market is called the replacementRead MoreSummary: Commercial Real Estate Analysis and Investment18572 Words   |  75 Pagesthat the supply of office space is almost completely inelastic. ( There’s extreme longevity of built space. âÅ"“ The kink in the supply function occurs at the current quantity of built space at a rent level that equates (on a capitalized present value basis) to the long-run marginal cost of supplying additional space to the market. MC = costs of developing new buildings âÅ"“ The level of rent that is just sufficient to stimulate profitable new development in the market is called the replacementRead MoreEffect of Audit Opinion on Stock Prices5794 Words   |  24 Pagesand logit were performed with type of opinion as the dependent variable and eleven financial ratios as independent variables. Test results show that the audit quality, the auditor s opinion have an impact on the evolution of stock prices. 1 Keywords: Audit report; audit opinion; stock price; financial statements; abnormal return; JEL Classification: M42, M40 1. Introduction In about half of the cases of audit reports there are notes with the most frequent the following statement. Without

Analysis Of James Joyce s Portrait Of The Artist As A...

In 19th and 20th century Ireland, the Catholic Church dominated the lives of many Irish citizens. The Church played a role in every aspect of their lives including their personal lives, their political lives, their education, and their work. Often people followed the Church for fear of what would happen if they didn t follow. While for many, this control by the Catholic Church provided structure and stability in their lives, for others it was a source of major struggle and inner conflict. James Joyce found the Catholic Church’s power to be both overwhelming and repressive. In his Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we see his inner struggle portrayed through the main character Stephen Dedalus. Like Joyce, Stephen struggles throughout†¦show more content†¦James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is commonly considered a reflection of Joyce’s own life and struggles that he faced with and against the Catholic Church. As Stephen Dedalus does in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Joyce fluctuated between agreeing with and rejecting the Church. He was raised by Catholic parents and attended Catholic schools throughout his life. As is common for children before they’re able to make their own choices and think for themselves, Joyce merely followed the religious example that his family and society had set for him. So why did Joyce ultimately reject the Catholic Church? As researched by Jeffrey Hibbert, â€Å"The weakening of the Church’s temporal powers was met by tightening its political control over local churches and its ideological control over dogma. Between the 1830s and the 1890s, the Church grew increasingly conservative and intolerant of liberalism, democracy and modernity (199).† The church wasn t allowing Joyce to express his creativity and become who he wanted to be. It was becoming increasingly controlling and limited his creative abilities. Joyce’s attitude towards the Catho lic Church were structured by the â€Å" 3 A’s: alienation, anger, and apathy (Lernout 8).† In a letter to his wife that was written in 1904, â€Å"Joyce claimed to have left the Church six years earlier, at which time he would have been about 14 years old. In the

The Importance Of Professionalism Within The Classroom...

Professionalism in education examines learning and ethical practice along with leadership and collaboration among teachers, staff, students, administrators and community members in a school. At my school, a charter in the center of Harlem, New York, I examined the lack of professionalism within the school and the detrimental effects this has on the teachers and scholars. Every school should strive to create a learning community in which teachers are growing with effective feedback, mentors, student input, collaboration with and professional development. It is the right of every teacher and the cornerstone of creating effective teachers that aid in producing students who are fulfilled and challenged in their academic careers. It is critical that to become true professionals, teachers must become active members of the school and regional community to be able to create integrated lessons that fulfill the students’ needs. At my school professional development in its formal sense is truly lacking. In the beginning of the year we had a week of lackluster professional development, so far we have had one day of PD to follow up on classroom management. As a senior teacher and 10th grade team captain I have observed many teachers complain about needing classroom observations, feedback, professional development that deals with lesson planning, data and data analysis, classroom management and even expectations. In our school we are a very young group, the oldest teacher being earlyShow MoreRelatedMy Journey At The University Of Waterloo s School Of Planning1475 Words   |  6 Pagesthus far, are crucial for my success here at the School of Planning and for future job and career oppourtunities. Background Planning is a highly professional field that requires the highest level of professionalism in all aspects of communication and interaction. 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Kobe Earthquake Case Study Free Essays

Great Hanshin / Kobe earthquake In the early of January 17th in 1995 at 5:46pm, while many were still sleeping peacefully, the destructive Great Hanshin earthquake, which measured 7. 2 on the Richter scale, struck the Japanese city of Kobe. Kobe has a population of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Kobe Earthquake Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 million people and is a major port for importing and exporting goods for Japan, situated south of the main island, Honshu, on a narrow strip of land between the ocean and high mountain ranges, it lies above the junction of the Philippine and Eurasian plates. Kobe has rarely been affected by major earthquakes, only small tremors occasionally, but this earthquake that lasted for a whole 20 seconds, was the biggest to hit japan in 47 years. Japan is situated on the margin of the Eurasian plated, where the Philippine sea plate is being subducted below the Eurasian plate, resulting in Japan having greater than average seismic and volcanic activity. Immediately south of Osaka bay is a fault called the median tectonic line (MTL) and it was sudden movement along this fault that triggered the earthquake that hit Kobe. The movement was caused by the friction from the Eurasian and Philippine plates converging. The earthquake had a shallow focus, only 16 km below the surface, which had caused it to become so destructive. Kobe was largely affected, as the epicentre was only 30 km from the city centre. Japan is said to be the most earthquake prone country but this was proved otherwise in the Kobe earthquake. The 20 second earthquake caused the ground to move up to 50 centimetres horizontally and up to 1 meter vertically. The primary effects from the seismic waves shaking the crust were severe causing the collapse of buildings, bridges and roads. With a total of 75 000 buildings damaged or destroyed and all major road and rail way links damaged all communications from the east and west of japan were cut off. The after shocks from the earthquake caused the problems to become worse with a total of 5000 people dead, 300 000 homeless and 68 children orphaned. The earthquake also triggered a number of fires, congestion, chaos and business closures. Because of the severity of the earthquake it made it extremely difficult for emergency services to reach the worst affected parts of the city. All gas, water and telecommunications were cut off making it extremely hard for emergency crews to communicate and for fire fighters to put out the fires across the city, leaving the fire fighters to watch helplessly as Kobe burned. The earthquake caused a total of 100 billion dollars of damage with economic damage taking up 100 million dollars. Many typical Japanese insurance policies did not cover earthquakes, causing many families to loose everything. In the first few days food, blankets, medical supplies and clean water were of short supplies and the winter weather made it worse with temperatures dropping to -2. Because of the severity of the earthquake and the shortage in supplies, authorities found the disaster difficult to cope with and the special defence forces were unable to reach the site until 4 hours after the earthquake with the original team only consisting of 170 troops. Even though the earthquake had such a large impact on all aspects of japan at the time it did not take them all to recover and get back on track with the short-term relief and rescue measures put in place they were able to get water, electricity, gas and telephone services were fully working by July and by august the railways were back in service. The port was rebuilt and the import volumes recovered fully within a year and the exports were nearly back to normal. The earthquake also caused a major decline in Japanese Stock market which then caused a domino effect on the banks but despite this damage the local economy recovered quickly. How to cite Kobe Earthquake Case Study, Free Case study samples