Legal Issues in Hydraulic Fracturing Research Paper

Legal Issues in Hydraulic Fracturing - Research Paper Example This paper discusses the legal and environmental issues associated with the process and the regulations that have been put in place to ensure that the process is undertaken carefully and responsibility to counter the negative effects. Keywords: Hydraulic Fracturing, Environmental Issues, Legal Issues, Fracking, Consequences, Regulations, Laws Introduction Drillers of hydraulic fracturing have always maintained that the process is well managed as it is tightly controlled and take place far below the ground water levels but despite their assurance, there are many critics advocating for the process to be banned. As the shale revolution has gained fame, it has really triggered a lot of protesters from the Grand Rapids to Paris, as all of them call for a global frack down. For example, in the United States of America, critics worry that in embracing shale energy, there are health and environmental consequences, for example, there will be no clean air or clean water (Prud'homme, 2013). Def inition of Hydraulic Fracturing Hydraulic fracturing is also known as fracking. It is a process that is used to suck oil and gas from dense shale formations. The process involves drilling, use of explosions, toxic chemicals, and millions of gallons of water pumped in at very high pressure. It allows the extraction of natural gas from shale in places that were once unreachable with conventional technologies (Prud'homme, 2013). In t6he United States, hydraulic fracturing is gaining recognition and companies involved with the process continue to identify sites to work on. Although it is argued that the process is conducted responsibly, a lot of dangerous occurrences have been reported raising questions of how safe the process is really. For example, there have been reports of blown out gas wells, polluted water sources, air and soil and affected human and animal health. Once a fracking procedure is conducted, it cannot be undone; for example, once a shale formation has fractured, it ca nnot be returned to its original state. This makes thorough research very crucial before any steps involved in hydraulic fracking proceed. This is especially important in highly populated regions (Prud'homme, 2013). Legal Issues that surrounds Hydraulic Fracturing Due to the process of hydraulic fracturing being used in some of the states in America, there have been legal issues that have been raised so as to ensure its effectiveness. The American court of appeals has had a debate on whether to regulate hydraulic fracturing for some time, as the SDWA has requested. The Clean Water Act requires cleanliness of all water to be maintained. Hydraulic fracturing is a water-intensive process. This is because when a well is fractured hydraulically, the fluid injected returns to the surface as flow back, which is contaminated with sand, chemical residues, and some amount of naturally occurring radioactive materials. This is usually against the CWA (Clean Water Act) section 301, which prohibi ts the discharge of any pollutant into navigable water. In America, anyone seeking to release or discharge flow back and any water which is not natural is usually required to apply for a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, as it is authorized by the CWA section 402 (Vann, Murrill &Tiemann, 2013). As hydraulic fractur

Club IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Club IT - Assignment Example For instance, organizations normally make use of a computer based information system known as Decision Support System (DSS) to make quick and valuable business decisions after analysis of data. It is noteworthy that information technology is highly significant for effective operation of every organization and as such, Lisa and Ruben should not relent in their effort to integrate information technology in the operations of Club IT. It is relevant to start by pointing out that despite all the efforts applied in extensive remodeling of the club, Club It will not be in a position to exploit its full potential without embracing information technology. Lisa and Ruben will start the journey towards employing IT in Club IT operations by installing appropriate information system (IS) infrastructure within the organization. The key information system infrastructures include hardware, software, databases, network, procedures, and computer proficient individuals (Rainer and Turban, 2009). Key ha rdware to be acquired by Club IT includes CPUs, monitors, and storage devices, while the software will include application programs that will support the club’s systems. ... By installing effective information system infrastructure, Club IT will stand a better chance of gathering and storing vital information about the clients, which may include favorite drinks, music, or services. Information systems will save Lisa and Ruben a great deal in the sense that they will no longer have to engage in paper work, which is too bulky and tedious. Processing of raw data into finished timely, efficient, and reliable information is supported through information system. For instance, Club IT will find it easy to track sale of drinks from the warehouse and consequently accessing the closing stock at the end of the day without physical count. Lisa and Ruben have several information systems at their disposal to improve the Club’s information technology, data management, and decision-making capabilities. They should start by adopting an integrated inventory system that seeks to harmonize all the operations in the supply chain. However, before adopting the inventory system it is important for Reuben and Lisa to consult inventory system vendors for an advice on various requirements that will adequately meet the needs of the Club. Other key stakeholders to be engaged in the system analysis include sales personnel, storekeepers and their respective executives. An inventory System as a computer system it is developed with a view of managing elementary day-to-day transactions of an organization relating to inventory management starting from the suppliers, warehousing and sales (Kelly, 2010). Club IT is engaged in a number of recurring activities, which include sale of particular type of drinks and movement of stock into and out of the warehouse. It is often very cumbersome to